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El pan de Altamura DOP -Denominación de Origen Protegida-, de la región de Puglia, todavía se elabora siguiendo la antigua receta y los mismos ingredientes: trigo duro, masa madre, sal y agua. Cocido en hornos de leña y piedra, se distingue por su fragancia, sabor y aroma. Tiene una corteza crujiente de 3 mm de grosor y una miga blanda de color amarillo pajizo. Se presenta en dos formas tradicionales: un pan alto y doblado y un pan más bajo, tipo ""sombrero de cura"".
Este pan, elemento básico de la dieta de los habitantes de la Alta Murgia, era amasado por las mujeres, cocido en hornos públicos y marcados con las iniciales del propietario para evitar que los panes se confundieran.
La principal característica del pan era su durabilidad, indispensable para asegurar el sustento de los agricultores y pastores durante las semanas que pasaban fuera de casa, trabajando en el campo o en los pastos. Su almuerzo consistía en una sopa de pan aromatizada con aceite de oliva y sal. Horacio parece referirse a este pan como el del ""mejor pan del mundo"" en sus poemas “Las Sátiras” (37 a.C.)
La actividad panificadora tradicional de Altamura se confirma en los ""Estatutos Municipales de la Ciudad” de 1527. Probablemente la actividad panadera se concentraba en Altamura; de hecho, a principios del siglo XVII había 26 negocios de elaboración de pan en plena actividad"
(Imagen: © Cristino Ranieri)
Regiones de Calabria y Emilia Romagna
Igual que los animales, el ser humano ha utilizado las plantas para curarse y alimentarse desde el principio de su existencia. Probablemente observándolas en la prehistoria descubrió cómo unas hierbas podían curar ciertas dolencias y otras satisfacer la necesidad primaria de alimento. Las depositarias de estos conocimientos eran sobre todo las mujeres, que los trasmitían de generación en generación y oralmente, como lo siguen haciendo, aunque sin criterios ni estudios científicos. Durante la Edad Media, estos conocimientos podían resultar muy peligrosos: muchas de las personas quemadas como brujas eran aquellas mujeres que sabían curar con hierbas. El conocimiento y el uso alimentario de las hierbas silvestres es también muy antiguo. Ese tipo de plantas han sido el símbolo de la bondad de la naturaleza, que ofrece vegetales al ser humano sin necesidad de cultivarlos y, en tiempos de hambruna, han garantizado la supervivencia de los pobres y enriquecido la dieta, que se basaba casi exclusivamente en la harina. En los últimos años, asistimos a un creciente interés por la investigación y el consumo de las hierbas silvestres, aunque su conocimiento y uso sea a menudo patrimonio de unas pocas personas que han conservado las recetas y las transmiten oralmente de generación en generación.
(Imagen: © Iside Cimatti)
Launeddas are a very ancient musical instrument typical of southern Sardinia, built with three river reeds of different sizes and thickness. The discovery of Nuragic paintings and bronze statues depicting the launeddas player testifies to their use in distant times. Launeddas are played with continuous breath, a technique that consists in accumulating a reserve of air inside the cheeks during the exhalation phase that is later expelled when the player inhales with the nose. In this way, it is possible to channel an uninterrupted column of air inside the instrument. The repertoire of launeddas is linked to times of celebration during which they perform a socialising function. On religious occasions, launeddas accompany the liturgy of the Mass and processions. However, it is in the accompaniment of dances that the expressiveness of this instrument becomes more manifest. Many young people are currently approaching this tool thanks to the appearance of schools. Live launeddas can be heard in patronal festivities such as the festival of Sant'Efisio in Cagliari (1st May), when the sound of dozens of launeddas precedes the Saint's passage in his procession to the sea. There are also a lot of builders of launeddas nowadays.
(Imagen: © Maria Eugenia Laria)
This Museum is located in the headquarters of the Parish School of Christian Artisan Churches. The schools of Novilara (1928) and Candelara (1942) (Marche) gave a future to young women with no prospects of work or study. In addition to learning a trade, these students received training through readings, songs, prayers, sports and theatrical activities. Material for sewing and embroidery artifacts are exhibited in a hall from whose walls hang different types of haberdashery. A corridor contains carded and non-carded wool of various colours. Finally, we can find a room with electric carding machines —forbidden to girls because they are dangerous. The client’s room contains images documenting life in both schools, specimens of industrial machines and diverse artifacts. An area of the museum is dedicated to Egizia Bargossi, creator of Textile Art, teacher and skilled artist, appreciated both in Italy and around the world. Visiting the museum means retracing the lives of our ancestors, fully enjoying their work and great competence, and understanding the first principles of sewing, embroidery and fabric that are the basis of all that we carelessly buy today. At present, an embroidery school aimed at girls and boys gathers a lot of consensus.
(Imagen: © Maria Rosa Tomasello)
The protagonists of this ancient carnival (Basilicata) are: the Bear (Urs), the Hermit (Rumit) and Lent (Quaremma). In the Middle Ages, people experienced frequent famines while the rich lords continued to live without any problems. The Bear identified the rich and lucky man; the Hermit, the poor man; and Lent, the old lady struck by bad luck. Each mask represents a social condition. During the party, each character plays a different role, the Hermit pricks people with a stick; the Bear inspires fear with his wild character and stuns everyone with his bell; Quaremma walks slowly and sadly among people. The Rumits go around the village on the Sunday before Shrove Tuesday, when "THE WALKING FOREST" comes to life: the tree-men leave the forest and walk around the village crawling with a stick at the doors and remaining silent. Those who receive the visit give them what they can in exchange for a good omen. On Shrove Thursday, we can see the traditional masks and the procession of the "Zita" that reproduces the peasant wedding with 'A Zita (the bride) accompanied by lu Zit (the groom) followed by the priest, the altar boys and the guests. The wedding procession runs through the streets of the village dancing and joking, with the roles being reversed: women impersonate male roles and men do so with female ones.
(Imagen: © Antonella Romaniello)
Mount Soratte (Lazio), in the form of a sleeping man and at its more than 600 meters of altitude, is lit up with hundreds of bonfires and, all around, the town celebrates. Since 1814, the feast of the Madonna di Maggio has been repeated every year on the last Sunday of May, culminating in the Torchlight procession of Mount Soratte. In the previous days, the streets are decorated with flowers and lights; hundreds of bundles of reeds, specially collected since February, are arranged along the mountain too. On the evening of the festivity, when the procession passes, all the reeds are lit offering a unique and exciting show followed by a cheerful and colourful explosion of fireworks: natural fires and fireworks are lit up to conclude a day of great celebration. This celebration brings together devotion to the Virgin Mary and ancient cults of fire in the heart of spring, linked to earth fertility. Due to its particular shape, Mount Soratte was already considered a sacred place in pre-Roman times.
(Imagen: © Patrizia Zenga)
The first news of this tradition dates back to 1288, when the festivity of St. Ambrogio took place at Santa Maria Maggiore (Milano). The origins of the current festival can be found in 1510, when Giannetto Castiglione arrived in the city, sent by the Pope to rekindle devotion and faith in the people from Milan. Giannetto, fearing not to be welcomed by the population who had no sympathy for the Pope, prepared packages with sweets and toys which he distributed among the children gathered around the procession that reached the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio surrounded by a festive crowd. It was 7th December. Since then, people began to organise the fair of "Oh bej! Oh bej! " during St. Ambrogio’s day, setting up stalls of clothes, toys, and gastronomic products of the time: mustard, castagnaccio and firòn: smoked chestnuts, soaked in white wine and arranged in long strings. The name "Oh bej! Oh bej! " comes from the children’s exclamations of joy at the sight of the gifts: the expression "Oh bej! Oh bej! " means "Oh beautiful! Oh beautiful!" in English. The fair, initially held at Piazza dei Mercanti (The Merchants’ Square), moved to the Castello Sforzesco from 2006. Today the stalls of Oh bej! Oh bej! exhibit handicrafts, antiques and confectionery.
(Imagen: © Farnaz Taher Shams)